（二）

13.County Court：地方法院

County Courts hear claims in contract and tort,equitable matters and land and probate disputes among others.

14.Court of Appeal：上诉法院

The Court of Appeal hears appeals from the County Court,the High Court,the Restrictive Practices Court and the Employment Appeal Tribunal.

15.Criminal law：刑法

In criminal cases,the state prosecutes the wrongdoer.

16.Crown Court：刑事法庭

The Crown Court hears appeals from Magistrates'Courts.

17.Declaration of solvency：有偿付能力的声明

A voluntary winding up is a members'voluntary winding up only if the directors make and deliver to the Registrar a declaration of solvency.

18.Duty of care：谨慎义务

In the landmark case of Donoghue v Stevenson 1932 the House of Lords ruled that a person might owe a duty of care to another with whom they had no contractual relationship at all.The doctrine has been refined in subsequent rulings,but the principle is unchanged.

19.Equity：衡平法

Equity is a term which applies to a specific set of legal principles which were developed by the Court of Chancery to supplement(but not replace)the common law.It is based on fair dealings between the parties.It added to and improved on the common law by introducing the concept of fairness.

20.Exclusion clause：除外条款

An exclusion clause may attempt to restrict one party's liability for breach of contract or for negligence.

21.Express authority：明示权限

Express authority is a matter between principal and agent.This is authority explicitly given by the principal

to the agent to perform particular tasks,along with the powers necessary to perform those tasks.

22.Exemption clauses：免责条款

An exclusion clause may attempt to restrict one party's liability for breach of contract or for negligence.

23.Executed consideration：已履行的对价

Executed consideration is an act in return for a promise such as paying for goods when the shopkeeper hands them over.

24.Executory consideration：待履行的对价

Executory consideration is a promise given for a promise,such as promising to pay for goods that the shopkeeper puts on order for you.

25.liquidation：清算

Liquidation means that the company must be dissolved and its affairs'wound up',or brought to an end.

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