1. Background

Under the Framework, financial statements are normally prepared on the going concern basis. However, when an entity appears no longer viable in its present state, that basis will not present reliable and relevant information.

Not every company is successful; many make losses or find themselves in a net liability position. Many such companies will ultimately end up being liquidated if there is no way to return them to profitability.

Indications that a company is struggling may include the following:

Operating losses

Negative cash flows

Poor or even adverse financial ratios such as ROCELoss of major market or customer

High staff turnover

Pending legal claim against the company

Disasters such as fire or flood.

Not all struggling companies will be forced into liquidation; if a profitable future appears possible, some form of reconstruction will be used to get the company back on a level footing.*The various stakeholders must therefore compare what their position will be if the company is liquidated against their position if a reconstruction scheme goes ahead.

2. Forms of Reconstruction

For all forms of reconstruction, it is important that all stakeholders are consulted and treated in a fair and equitable manner. However, the ordinary shareholders bear the major risk and so will suffer the greater proportion of any losses, compared with secured creditors (for example).

In all reconstructions, the protection of the creditors is crucial. Although this stakeholder group will be required to share in any losses this will be proportionately less than that of the equity shareholders.

Internal Reconstruction

External Reconstruction

3. Exam Approach

There are two types of scheme that may be examined:

Internal reorganisation-a restructuring of the statement of financial position; andExternal reorganisation:

─ winding up of a company;

─ setting up of a new company to take over trade/assets.

You may be required to:

Prepare the financial statements after the reorganization has taken place:

─ this may involve a bookkeeping exercise;─ i.e. process the scheme of reorganisation.

Appraise the scheme, either in general or for a specified stakeholder:

─ For this there will be no single correct answer;─ It is more important to apply principles.

ACCA P3重要知识点：

Strategic Position Models

- PESTEL

- Porter’s 5 force

- Value chain

- Value system/network

- BCG matrix

- Lifecycle

- SWOT/TOWS

Strategic Option Models

- Porter’s generic strategy

- Bowman’s strategic clock

- Ansoff’s matrix

最后，记得重点关注今年考纲新增的三个重要考点：

Three V ’ s——Volume、Velocity、VarietyFIve ways in which big data can create value for organisations① Creating transparency

② Performance improvement

③ Market segmentation and customisation

④ Decision making

⑤ New products and services

Criticisms of big data

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