Break-evenanalysis盈亏平衡点分析（又叫Cost-volume-profitanalysis）

这一知识点包含了非常多的公式，在公式的应用上有着较高要求。曾经在12/12真题中重点考查了计算。同时chart的画法是容易被我们忽略的，在考试过程中非常耗时间，基于往年的答题情况非常不乐观，因此是很有可能再一次被拿出考。

▲理解计算BEP& margin of safety

▲理解计算应用C/Sratio in single and multi-product situations

▲计算应用targetprofit or revenue in single and multi-product situations

▲理解并掌握charts，并能解释所含信息的意思

▲学会分析limitationsof CVP analysis for planning and decision-making.

企业需要达到的最低目标→aprofit of $nil ，所对应的salesvolume为盈亏平衡点

Assumptions: constant Selling price per unit Variable cost per unit Total fixed costs

Single productbreak-even analysis

Method 1: Activitylevel at which there is neither profit nor loss

Method 2: Theamount of contribution earned per dollar of sales

Method 3:Thedifference between the budgeted level of activity and the break-even level ofactivity

 

Target profitsfor multiple products

(i)Atbreakeven point there is noprofit-that is: Contribution=Fixed costs

(ii)假设企业要达到某一利润水平:Contribution 一定要coverfixed costs and the required profit→Totalcontribution required=Fixed costs + Required profit

Multiple productbreak-even analysis(假设sales mix保持不变)★

 

Drawing abreak-even char

Limitations★

CVP的分析基于一些unrealisticassumptions.考试中不仅可能碰到CVP的计算，还会时常会问你to criticizethe CVP approach to short-term decision-making，这时要同时考虑limitations& advantages

Limitations Advantages
It is assumed that fixed costs are the same in total and variable costs are the same per unit at all.(i) Fixed costs会发生变动if output falls or increases substantially(因为大部分fixed cost都属于step costs).(ii) The variable costs会下降where economies of scale are made at higher output volumes. A break-even model enables profit or loss at any level of activity within the range for which model is valid to be determined(能判断是否盈利还是亏损), and the C/S ratio can indicate the relative profitability of different products.
It is assumed that sales prices will be constant at all levels of activity(这将可能无法实现，因为当生产过多，企业只能通过降价来win the extra sales). Be more easily understood by non-financial managers
Production and sales are assumed to be the same(忽视了increase in inventory levels或者de-stocking的可能). Highlighting the break-even point and the margin of safety gives managers some indication of the level of risk involved.
Uncertainty in the estimates of fixed costs and unit variable costs is often ignored.  

 

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