亲爱的ACCA小伙伴们,3月份考试即将来临,Crystal Hu老师为大家整理了P1常见的考点及相应的历年考题,良心制作哦,大家在考前把这些题和相应的文章都过一遍,另外加强自己动手写的能力,P1考试通过不在话下,祝大家考试顺利通过!
Part A Corporate Governance
1.考核一个sound CG相关的特征:D12 Q2a 10分;D10 Q1c(i) 10分
2.Agency theory (J16 Q2(b) 9分;D13 Q2b 2分;J12 Q1d 10分 / J10 Q1c 10分,考核agency relationship)
3.stakeholder theory (J16 Q1(a)(ii) 4分;J15 Q2c 7分;D14 Q1a 7分;D12 Q4b+c 15分)
4.Stakeholder 的分类:见考官文章 All about stakeholders; Voluntary/ Involuntary:自主参与/被动参与影响 (J10 Q1a 12分)
5.Stakeholder claims – J 16 Q1(a)(i): + Mendelow (9分); J15 Q2c 8分;D14 Q1a 7分
Trade unions (J10 Q1b 10分)
Institutional Shareholders (J15 Q2a 7分;J14 Q1c 10分;D10 Q1a 12分)
6.transaction cost theory
7.Fiduciary duty J13 Q3b 7分
8.No conflict of interest J16 Q2(a) 8分
9.Principles of good CG: 11个principles 定义重点掌握 (J16 Q1(d)(i) 6分;D14 Q1d(ii) 6分;J14 Q1a 9分;J13 Q1d(i) 6分;D12 Q2c 7分;J12 Q1d(i) 3分,和STH mapping结合,共7分;J11 Q3b 8分)
10.Value for money (3Es) : J16 Q1(d) (ii) 9分
11.Public Sector governance: 考官文章: Public Sector Governance – Part 1 & Part 2
12.Principle-based CG vs. Rules-based CG (D13 Q2ac 15分; J13 Q4a 7分 考核’code of corporate governance; D12 Q2b 8分、D11 Q2a 12分考核两种方法的区别)
13.Chairman vs. CEO : D14 Q3a 10分 , D11 Q2b 8分, J11 Q1d(i) 8分
14.Insider systems (family companies): J15 Q1a 10分考核family-owned company和publicly listed company CG的不同; J12 Q4a 10分 考核family Co. 上市,J10 Q4a 10分
15.4个committee: nomination, remuneration, audit, risk
16.Institutional shareholder , trade union, company secretary
17.CPD : J16 Q3(a) 10分; D14 Q4c 6分/ J12 Q4b 8分: 考核CPD
18.induction program , Board diversity
19.Disclosure : mandatory & voluntary disclosure
20.CSR (D13 Q3c 9分)
21.Public sector CG D15 Q1ab 18分;D14 Q2ab 19分 见考官文章‘non corporate’ corporate governance、public sector governance
22.D15 Q1(a) 考核listed company 和 public sector CG的不同:6分;(b)考核public sector和large listed public company中CEO薪酬的不同 :10分
23.D13 Q4a 8分 board of directors
24.Directors‘ remuneration (D13 Q1c 10分, J13 Q4b8分,D11 Q3a 10分)
25.NED见考官文章independence as a concept in corporate governance J12 Q2a 8分 考核NED的独立性)
4 role: J15Q1d(i) 8分考核non-executive chairman的benefits
•Challenge & contribute to Strategy
•Scrutinise performance & repory – audit committee ( J15 Q3 25分;J13 Q2b 12分;J11 Q3c 8分)
•Risk management and control – risk committee ( D15Q3a 10分;J12Q2bc 17分)
•People – nomination / remuneration committee (D13 Q3a 8分nomination committee;
26.见考官文章diversifying the board;D13 Q3b 8分
27.D11 Q3c 5分 proxy voting,J11Q1c 8分 AGM vs. EGM,D10 Q3c 10分contents of a ‘best practice’ CG report
28.Unitary & Two-tier Board structure ( J12 Q4c 7分)
29.Governance disclosures : J14 Q2c 9分、4c 9分, D11 Q1b 10分,
Part B、C、D ( IC & Risk )
1.COSO and Turnbull give broadly similar objectives for internal control systems. The Turnbull objectives are listed below. (J12 Q1c 12分: purpose & challenges ; J10 Q3b 10分) D15 Q1(d): importance of internal controls 8分 + recommendation 8分
2.Limitations of internal controls ( D14 Q4b 9分,D12 Q1d(ii) 9分,D12 Q3ab 15分,D11 Q1c(i) 10分,J11Q1a 12分)
3.Evaluating control systems : Principles or rules ? (J10 Q3a 7分)
4.The Turnbull Report discusses a sound’ system of internal control which would have the following characteristics: J15 Q4c 8分;D13 Q1d 8分;J13 Q1c 10分
5.risk embedded to system/culture: J15 Q1d(ii) 10分; J13 Q3c 10分; D10 Q4bc 15分
6.internal risk audit 和 external risk audit 的区别
7.‘risk appetite’ : D15Q3b 7分 和‘risk awareness’的定义及结合案例分析 : J14 Q2a 8分, J12 Q1a 6分,J11 Q2d 6分
8.各种risk 的定义: Strategic vs operational D15 Q3b 7分+ Q3c 8分; D12 Q1d(i) 8分; D10 Q2c 10分 见考官文章:strategic and operational risk
9.Other risks : (D14Q1c 9分; J14 Q2b 8分; D13 Q4b 8分; J13 Q3c 10分; D11 Q1c(iii) 4分; D11 Q3b 10分; D10 Q4a 5分)
10.risk assessment is dynamic. (J13 Q3a 8分;J11 Q2a 8分; J10 Q1d(i) 8分)
11.Objective and subjective risk perception : Objective and subjective risk perception
12.Related and Correlated risk factors J13 Q1a 10分; J11 Q2c 5分
13.TARA model D13 Q1b 10分; J11 Q2b 6分
14.Diversification of risks D12 Q1b 10分
15.Characteristics of Information D12 Q3c 10分
16.Internal audit (part of the internal control system) : (D14Q4a 10分, J13Q2a 7分, J10Q3c 8分) 见考官文章:internal audit
17.Risk committee : J12 Q2bc 17分
18.Risk audit : J14 Q1d 6分 见考官文章: risk and environmental auditing
19.risk audit 的步骤
20.related risk和 correlated risk 的定义,objective risk 和subjective risk 的定义
21.principle based IC & Rules-based IC
22.3个模型,如下:
23.考官文章:COSO enterprise risk management framework
一、Risk profile
二、culture 和 risk 的关系
三、TARA model
Part E Ethics
1.ethical relativism & absolutism : D15 Q4a(i) 5分; D10 Q1(b) 10分
2.Deontology vs teleological : D15 Q4a(ii) 6分; J13(d) (ii) 10分
3.Kohlberg’s theory分析所处道德的哪个阶段,道德成熟度如何, The model shows the reasoning process of individuals. Kohlberg关注的是你的道德决策是怎么被做出的,关注的是how而不是what. J16 Q3(b) 8分; J15 Q4(a) 9分; J14 Q4(a) 8分; J11 Q1(b) 12分;J10 Q2(c) 5分
4.AAA model : J12Q1(b) 14分 见考官文章:ethical decision making
5.Tucker’s 5Qs model : D12 Q4(a) 10分
6.public interest : J16 Q1(b) 10分 + (c) 8分; J15Q1(b) 10分; J14Q3(c) 9分;J11Q4(b) 10分
7.Corporate codes of ethics : D15Q1(C)12分; J14Q1(b)11分; D11 Q1(a) 10分
8.IFAC ethical code - 5 Fundamental principles :
•Professional competence and due care
•Integrity
•Professional behavior
•Confidentiality
•Objectivity
J16 Q3(C) 7分;D12Q(c) 9分;J11Q4(c) 6分讨论为什么 insider trading 是unethical的?
J10 Q4(b) +(c) 15分考核专业会计师和审计师需要遵守的fundamental principles 以及结合案例分析一下审计师会遇到的ethical dilemma
9. Threats to independence of action and conflicts of interest include:
•Self-interest
•Self-review
•Advocacy
•Familiarity
•Intimidation
J14 Q3(a) 考核在外部审计的情景中会遇到那些ethical threat和ethical safeguard 8分
J12 Q3(a) 考核 conflict of interest 10分; (b) ethical threat 和 ethical safeguard 8分
J11 Q4(a) 描述5大threats并考核接受significant gifts and hospitality 会产生什么威胁
10. Bribery and corruption D15 Q4b 14分, D14Q1(b) 10分
11. CSR (Carroll) : D13 Q3(c) 9分
•Economic
•Legal
•Ethical
•Philanthropic
见考官文章:CSR strategy and strategic CSR J15Q2b 10分
12. Corporate citizenship : D15 Q2(a) 7分;D14Q1(d)(i) 6分
13.environmental reporting,’(CSR) strategy’ and ‘strategic CSR’
14.environmental reporting and auditing : 见考官文章:environmental accounting and reporting J16 Q4(b) 10分、J14 Q3(b) 8分:environmental audit + environmental report; J13Q1(b) 10分考核environmental report;D10 Q2(b) 9分考核environmental audit 的步骤
15.integrated reporting: Capitals、guiding principles、content elements、benefits and challenges of integrated reporting (D15 Q2(b)/(c): 18分; BPP Revision Q32(d); D14 Qd(iii) 8分) 见考官文章:the integrated report framework
16.sustainability : D13 Q1(a) (i) 12分; D10Q2(a) 6分
17.FCA、EMAS and ISO 14000
18.Gray, Owen and Adams corporate responsibility positions : 看考官文章:All about stakeholders – Part 2 (Dec 11 Q4(a)+(b) 16分; Jun 11 Q1(d)(ii) 6分)
19.social and environmental footprint : J16 Q4(c) 7分; J10 Q1(d)(ii) 6分
考前预测:
1.关于CG的基础性的知识点需要全面掌握,在section A 和section B 都有可能会考到
2.内控和风控的结合
3.和P3相互融合:理解企业战略对公司治理的影响,以及考虑不同国家或行业所面临的风险,毕竟从2018年开始P1和P3要合并成一门课了。
4.关注insider system , public sector , Integrated Report
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