Mintzberg believes that all organisations can be analysed into five components, according to how they relate to the work of the organisation, and how they prefer to co-ordinate.

The relative influence of these elements to one another have a significant impact on the nature of the organisation. Mintzberg asserts that each element will have a preferred means of coordination.

明茨伯格坚信所有的组织都可以被分为这5个要素。这些要素相互影响，相辅相成，相亲相爱。并且，每个元素都有一个协调的最佳方案。

例如，strategic apex将试图通过直接监督来协调，这在小企业中特别有效。Middle line寻求标准化地输出，而technostructure试图建立标准化的工作流程，经营核心则在标准化的技巧下功夫。

For example, the strategic apex will attempt to coordinate through direct supervision, and will be especially important in smaller organisations with simpler structures. The middle line seeks to standardise outputs, while the technostructure attempts to standardise work processes. The operating core will try to standardise skills.

在BPP教材的B部分第5章详细说明了这些相关知识点，并详细列举了以下几类组织结构，并在P3会在有所延伸。

Organisations can be departmentalised on ：

a functional basis (with separate departments for production, marketing, finance, etc),

a geographical basis (by region or country),

a product basis (eg worldwide divisions for product X, Y, etc),

a brand basis,

a matrix basis (eg someone selling product X in country A would report to both a product X manager and a country A manager).

Organisation structures often feature a variety of these types, as hybrid structures.

考试题型

背诵款：

Which of the following terms is not used by Mintzberg in his description of organisational structure?

A Strategic apex

B Support base

C Technostructure

D Operating core

简单分析款：

P is a firm of accountants, which prepares financial statements for its customers. According to Mintzberg’s organizational model, the junior accountants who prepare customer financial statements would be classified within which of the following building blocks?

A Operating core

B Technostructure

C Middle line

D Support staff

分析：会计助理（junior accountants）是基础岗位，所以为Operating core。

延伸：如果是外部审计师（auditors）或者会计师事务所提供的专业财务咨询服务（financial consult），则是Technostructure；如果是企业内部的总会计师或者财务总监，则是Middle line。