CFA涉及到哪些知识点和相关领域：

I. Ethical and Professional Standards（伦理和职业标准）

A. Professional Standards of Practice

B. Ethical Practices

II. Quantitative Methods（定量方法）

A. Time Value of Money

B. Probability

C. Probability Distributions and Descriptive Statistics

D. Sampling and Estimation

E. Hypothesis Testing

F. Correlation Analysis and Regression

G. Time-Series Analysis

H. Simulation Analysis

I. Technical Analysis

III. Economics（经济学）

A. Market Forces of Supply and Demand

B. The Firm and Industry Organization

C. Measuring National Income and Growth

D. Business Cycles

E. The Monetary System

F. Inflation

G. International Trade and Capital Flows

H. Currency Exchange Rates

I. Monetary and Fiscal Policy

J. Economic Growth and Development

K. Effects of Government Regulation

L. Impact of Economic Factors on Investment Markets

IV. Financial Reporting and Analysis（财务报告与分析）

A. Financial Reporting System (with an emphasis on IFRS)

B. Analysis of Principal Financial Statements

C. Financial Reporting Quality

D. Analysis of Inventories and Long-Lived Assets

E. Analysis of Taxes

F. Analysis of Debt

G. Analysis of Off-Balance-Sheet Assets and Liabilities

H. Analysis of Pensions, Stock Compensation, and Other Employee Benefits

I. Analysis of Inter-Corporate Investments

J. Analysis of Business Combinations

K. Analysis of Global Operations

L. Ratio and Financial Analysis

V. Corporate Finance（企业融资）

A. Corporate Governance

B. Dividend Policy

C. Capital Investment Decisions

D. Business and Financial Risk

E. Capital Structure Decisions

F. Working Capital Management

G. Mergers and Acquisitions and Corporate Restructuring

VI. Equity Investments（股权投资）

A. Types of Equity Securities and Their Characteristics

B. Equity Markets: Characteristics and Institutions

C. Equity Portfolio Benchmarks

D. Valuation of Individual Equity Securities

E. Fundamental Analysis (Sector, Industry, Company)

F. Equity Market Valuation and Return Analysis

G. Closely Held Companies and Inactively Traded Securities

H. Equity Portfolio Management Strategies

VII. Fixed Income（固定收益产品）

A. Types of Fixed-Income Securities and Their Characteristics

B. Fixed-Income Markets: Characteristics & Institutions

C. Fixed Income Portfolio Benchmarks

D. Fixed-Income Valuation (Sector, Industry, Company) and Return Analysis

E. Term Structure Determination and Yield Spreads

F. Analysis of Interest Rate Risk

G. Analysis of Credit Risk

H. Valuing Bonds with Embedded Options

I. Structured Products

J. Fixed-Income Portfolio Management Strategies

VIII. Derivatives（衍生产品）

A. Types of Derivative Instruments and Their Characteristics

B. Forward Markets and Valuation of Forward Contracts

C. Futures Markets and Valuation of Futures Contracts

D. Options Markets and Valuation of Option Contracts

E. Swaps Markets and Valuation of Swap Contracts

F. Credit Derivatives Markets and Instruments

G. Uses of Derivatives in Portfolio Management

IX. Alternative Investments（另类投资）

A. Types of Alternative Investments and Their Characteristics

B. Real Estate Valuation

C. Private Equity/Venture Capital Valuation

D. Hedge Fund Strategies

E. Distressed Securities/Bankruptcies

F. Commodities and Managed Futures

G. Alternative Investment Management Strategies

G. Collectibles

X. Portfolio Management and Wealth Planning（投资组合管理和财富规划）

A. The Investment Policy Statement

B. Modern Portfolio Management Concepts

C. Behavioral Finance

D. Management of Individual/Family Investor Portfolios

E. Management of Institutional Investor Portfolios

F. Investment Manager Selection

G. Economic Analysis and Setting Capital Market Expectations

H. Tax Efficiency Strategies

I. Asset Allocation

J. Portfolio Construction and Revision

K. Risk Management

L. Execution of Portfolio Decisions (Trading)

M. Performance Evaluation

N. Presentation of Performance Results

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